Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

 

Overview

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic pulmonary disorder that results from the use of high positive-pressure mechanical ventilation and high concentration oxygen in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (see the image below).

This condition is defined as oxygen dependence at 28 days and is pathologically characterized by inflammation, mucosal necrosis, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy of the airways. 

Radiography is the mainstay imaging test for the diagnosis of BPD. High-resolution computed tomography CT (HRCT) scans may be useful in the further evaluation of BPD. 

Chest radiograph of an infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

 

With advances in medical management, BPD has become the most common cause of chronic lung disease (CLD) in children. ^] The incidence of BPD varies between 5% and 40%, and it is is common in preterm infants: 10% of infants weighing less than 1500 g and 20% of those weighing less than 1000 g develop this condition.

With advances in therapy, BPD is currently uncommon after 30 weeks of gestation or in infants weighing more than 1200 g.

 

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD), is an important cause of respiratory morbidity in preterm newborns.

 

 

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