Adolescence – the period of changes

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The human body under goes several changes during Adolescence. These changes mark the onset of PUBERTY. The most important ...1. Increase in height 2. Change in body shape 3. Voice change 4. Increased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands 5. Devel...Age in years % of full height Boys Girls 8 72 % 77 % 9 75 % 81 % 10 78 % 84 % 11 81 % 88 % 12 84 % 91 % 13 88 % 95 % 14 92...Present height ____ % of full height at this age X 100 A boy is 9 years old and 120 cm tall. At the end of the growth peri...At puberty, the voice box or the larynx begins to grow. Boys develop larger voice boxes. Boys have a deep and hoarse voice...The growing voice box can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. •The testes and penis develop completely. •The testes also begin to produce sperms. •The ovaries enlarge and eggs begin to...•It is the time in one’s life when the brain has the greatest capacity for learning. •The change in a person’s way of thin...The changes which occur at adolescence are controlled by chemical substances called hormones. Hormones are secretions from...The hormones secreted by the pituitary stimulate testes and ovaries to produce their hormones. The pituitary is attached t...The adrenal glands secrete hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood. Adrenals also produce the hormon...Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development. The diet for an adolescent has to be carefully planned. The diet m...Adolescence is a time when our bodies, our families, our schools and the largest society demand that we change. Teenage ye...Adolescence is.. …that part in our life where nothing seems to go smoothly yet our best Some Definitions • Puberty Physical characteristics that occur during adolescence. • Primary Sex Characteristics The chang...Teenagers Comprise 2nd largest population group. (23%) • over 1 billion world over • World over - 1 out of every 5 person ...adolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changesadolescence - the period of changes

 

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adolescence – the period of changes

 

CHANGES IN ADOLESCENTS ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Controlled growth during childhood and the changes during puberty. - made up of a set of organs called ...PITUITARY GLAND - affects your growth more than any other gland. - produces many kinds of hormones and one of these is the...PITUITARY GLAND - releases hormones that cause your reproductive glands to become active produces many kinds of hormones a...SEX HORMONES: - Testosterone – male (testes) - Estrogen – female (ovaries) - stimulate the many physical changes that adol...PHYSICAL CHANGES • rapid increase in height and weight. • Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems. • Body compositi...PHYSICAL CHANGES • Secondary sex characteristics are changes not directly related to sexual reproduction. Boys • The voice...MENTAL OR INTELLECTUAL CHANGES • experience rapid mental development. • changes in the structure of the brain. • developme...EMOTIONAL CHANGES •more responsive to rewards and stress. •more emotional and this makes them open to being hurt or in dan...SOCIAL CHANGES • Very self- conscious. They consider approval of friends and other adolescents or peers as very important....MORAL-SPIRITUAL CHANGES • begin analyzing themselves during this stage. • analyze their strengths and weaknesses. • learn ...REMEMBER! • Changes that happen during puberty are normal to adolescents. • You have to know and understand these changes ...Changes in adolescents

 

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Growth and development of adolescence

ADOLESCENCE Is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. A time of rapid physical, cognitive, social and e...Cont.….. Adolescence is generally regarded as the psychologic, social, and maturational process initiated by the pubertal...BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical changes of puberty are primarily the result of hormonal activity under the influence of c...BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT cont.….. Obvious changes are - Increased physical growth -Development of secondary sexual characte...Cont.…. Primary sex characteristics- The external and internal organs that carry out the reproductive function Secondary...The Tanner scale (also known as the Tanner stages) is a scale of physical development in children, adolescents and adults...Tanners scale Breasts (female )  Tanner I no glandular tissue: areola follows the skin contours of the chest (prepubertal) [typically a...Pubic hair (both male and female)  Tanner I no pubic hair at all (prepubertal Dominic state) [typically age 10 and younge...Testis(males)  Tanner I prepubertal (testicular volume less than 1.5 ml; small penis of 3 cm or less) [typically age 9 an...HORMONAL CHANGES I t is caused by the hormonal influence and control by anterior pitutary in response to the stimulus fro...Cont.……. Estrogen- Feminizing hormone, it is secreted slowly increasing amount until 11yrs. It increases and continuous u...Usual sequence of maturational changes Girls Boys Breast changes Enlargement of testicles Rapid increase in height and wei...PUBERTAL DELAY In girls - If breast development has not occurred by age 13 or if menarche has not occurred within 4 years...General growth pattern Boys Girls Increased shoulder width Due to hormonal effect bones are more strong, Broader hip Voice...THEORIES  Psychosocial development- Identity v/s role confusion  Psychosexual – Genital stage  Cognitive development – ...Psychosocial development  Adolescence see themselves as distinct individuals  During this period the adolescent is faced...Cognitive development  Cognitive thinking cumulates with the capacity for abstract thinking .  This stage, the period of...Moral development  Strong pressure to violate the old beliefs.  Their decision involving moral dilemmas must be based on...Spiritual development  Adolescent are capable of understanding abstract concepts and of interpreting analogies and symbol...Social development  Adolescents want to grow up and to be free of parental retrain restraints  They are fearful as they ...Relationship with parents  During adolescence the parent- child relationship changes from protection-dependency to mutual...Cont.…….  Teenagers become more competent, and with this competence come a need for more autonomy.  Parents should use a...Cont.……..  To gain trust of adolescents, parents must respect their youngster’s privacy, as well as show a sincere intere...Relationship with peers  The peer group serves as a strong support to teenagers providing them with a sense of belonging ...Cont.………  Within the larger groups smaller, distinct, and rather exclusive crowds or cliques of selected close friends wh...Interest and activity  Adolescent spend a large amount of time engaging in leisure time activities.  In addition to prov...Nutrition  Increased nutritional requirements.  The calorie and protein requirement during this time are higher than at ...Cont.…..  Girls with very heavy or frequent menses may be especially susceptible for iron deficiency resulting from blood...Nutritional requirements for adolescents  Calories  The average teenage boy get about 2,800 calories per day and the ave...CONT…..  Protein  All teenage girls should get 5 oz. equivalents of protein each day. Teenage boys who are 13 should als...Sleep and rest  Rapid physical growth the tendency towards overexertion, and the overall increased activity of this age c...Exercise and activity  Many adolescents participated in sports within the school.  The practice of sports, games and eve...CONT….  The activities provide exercise for growing muscles, interactions with peers, and a socially acceptable means of ...Immunization TT Booster at 10 and 16 years Rubella As part of MMR vaccine or (Monovalent) 1 dose to girls at 12-13 years o...Dental health  Dental health should not be neglected during adolescence, although the rate of caries formation is not as ...Personal care  Body changes associated with puberty bring special needs for cleanliness.  The hyperactive sebaceous glan...Sexuality education and guidance  The development of primary and secondary sex characteristics and the increased sensitiv...CONT……  When discussing sex and sexual activities, nurse should use simple but correct language, not highly scientific te...Injury prevention  Physical injuries are the common cause for death in adolescent age group.  The most vulnerable age ar...ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE  Encourage parents to:  Accept adolescent as individual.  Respect their ideas, likes and dislikes...Cont….  Encourage learning by doing.  Respects adolescent privacy.  Try to make the communication clear.  Provide clea...

 

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